Internal-combustion engine.



F. J. G. F. KNAAK, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 13..1s|a

1,138,575. Patented May 4, 1915.

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ENTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1913.

1,138,575. Patented May 4, 1915.

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J \\\\\\A\\\\\\\ O UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK J. O. F. KNAAK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOSEPH H. MACDONALD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 4, 191:).

Original application filed February 13, 1911. Serial No. 608,189. Divided and this application filed May 13, 1913. Serial No. 767,487.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK J. C. F. KNAAK, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have inventedoertain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to methods of operating oil engines and has for its principal object to devise a method of operating an oil engine which insures thorough vaporization of the oil and precludes the possibility of carhonizat-ion ofthe oil on the walls of parts through which it is coni'lucted.

In operating oil engines suitable for burning the heavier oils, it has hitherto been ound extremely dillicult to secure thorough vaporization of the oil and to prevent the oil from carbonizing along the walls of the ducts and chan'ibers through which it is led into the cylinder and also upon the walls of the cylinder itself. To overcome tllQStB ditliculties. I have devised the following method of operation: The oil is heated under pressure up to substantially the cracking point of the oil at atmospheric pressure. The pressure is maintained upon the oil up to the time of its admission into the cylinder. this admission being a. positive force feed which insures that a requisite amount of oil is admitted and the proper pressure on the oil maintained up to the point of admission. As soon as the oil is so admitted, a large portion. consisting of the more volatile matter, immediately vaporizes, by reason of the pressure being released. To maintain the temperature of the oil and to insure the proper mixing and vaporizing of the heavier port-ions, a. hot stream of air is forced directly into the cylinder adjacent to the spray of oil. This air not only mixes with the oil and helps atomize the heavier particles, but also maintains the temperature of the entire mixture and thus prevents any condensation due to the expansion upon the. release of pressure as above described. The streams of oil and air are admitted directly into the cylinder without passing through any mixing chambers or valves on the surfaces of which the heavier particles of oil may lodge and clog the apparatus. It will. be obvious that various constructions may be provided for carrying out this method. I

shall describe a prel'erred construction such used in my copending application Serial Number ($08,189. liled Feb. 13th 1911, of \vhieh'this application is a division.

Referring to the drawings, Figure. l is an elevation partly in section illustrating the general form and arrangement of parts which maybe used in carrying out my iniproved method. Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view of the valve and force feed pump showing the latter in position for receiving the oil charge. Fig. 3 is a section taken along line 3-45 of Fig. 2. tail View of the. parts illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 with the valves and force pump shown in position at which the oil and air are in jected into the cylinder. Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5--5 of Fig. i. Fig. (i is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 4:, showing the admission valve closed. Fig. 7 is a section taken along line 7---T of Fig. 6.

The engine is preferably of the two cycle type having a cylinder ll). in which works a piston 11. connected by a suitable connecting rod to a crank shaft 12. The cylinder is provided with the air admission ports 13 which are uncovered by the piston at the end of its power stroke shortly after the openin; of the exhaust duct 14. The latter conununicates with the exhaust opening 15 of the cylinder which is also used l'or ad mission of the mixture. The exhaust. alter passing through the duct ll. is carried through a heater U and passes out through a conduit ll. the mouth of which opens into a chamber 15, communicating with an exhaust fan 1 The latter is driven in any suitable manner as through l'rirtion wheels .20 and 21. the latter of which fixed to the crank shaft. The exhaust fan 1!) serves to accelerate the passage of the exhaust gases and thus secures a better scavenging ellect through the fresh air admitted through the air admission port 13.

The fuel oil for the engine is heated under pressure in a heater 16 in any suitable'man ner, as by being led through the same in a coiled pipe or the like. and thence is led through a duct 22 to a point where it can be admitted to a. force pump which forces the same directly into the cylinder. The oil is always maintained under high pressure, so that it may be heated clear up to a point at which the more volatile constituents Fig. l is a sectional de prevents the fall in temperature of the oil, and, by mixing intimately with the particles of oil, aids in the atomization and vaporization of the entire change By reason of the admission of the charge to expand directly in the cylinder, assurance is had that no condensation or carhonization takes place, as the fuel, together with the charge of hot air, is intimately mixed with the entire charge of air admitted into the cylinder, and thus no portion of the fuel comes in contact with the cylinder walls until it has become thoroughly atomized and vaporized and mixed with the air charge.

Having thus described my invention, I claim The method of operating an oil .en-

gine consisting in heating the oil to a temperature at which the lighter constituents would volatilize under ordinary pressures, maintaining the heated oil under pressure sufficient to prevent said lighter constituents from volatilizing, then admitting directly into the cylinder a charge of said oil under said temperature and pressure simultaneously with a charge of hot air adjacent thereto, to mix with another charge of air previously introduced into the cylinder.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York, and State of New York, this 20th day of January A. D. 1913.

FRANK J. C. F. KNAAK. Witnesses FRANK M. ASHLEY, NATHAN COHEN. 

